SAT考試常見形近詞辨析
2019-12-21 15:22 | 編輯：川外外語培訓中心 來自：未知導讀：詞匯量在SAT考試中發揮著重要的作用。你的詞匯量過關了么？本文為大家分享的是新SAT考試中常見的形近詞的辨析。
1. averse vs. adverse
averse : not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜歡某事物;反對某事物
E.g. He seems to be averse to hard work.
adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敵對的，反對的，不利的
E.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.
【SAT超級干貨】SAT考試常見形近詞辨析圖1
2. adversity vs. adversary
adversity: trouble; unfortunate event不幸，災禍
E.g. Mary faces adversity with courage.
adversary: opponent; enemy 對手，敵人
E.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.
第1、2組詞是經常被混淆的四個單詞，兩兩組合進行對比，會給掌握單詞帶來更高的精準度。
3. antipathy vs. apathy
antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感;厭惡;憎惡
E.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.
apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏興趣;漠不關心
E.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.
這一組詞大家可以用詞根詞綴發來區別，path-作為詞根是“情感”的意思，anti-作為前綴是“相反，對抗”，而a-是“不、無、非”的意思，相關單詞有sympathy, empathy等。
4. derive vs. deride
derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth源自，源于;得到獲取
E.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.
deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄
E.g. They derided his effort as childish.
derisive這個單詞出現在閱讀中經常被當做是derive的形容詞性理解，其實是deride的形容詞，意思為“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter。
5.exhausted vs. exhaustive
exhausted: very tired 精疲力盡的
E.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhausted.
exhaustive: very thorough; complete 詳盡的;徹底的
E.g. Police make an exhaustive research.
6. imprudent vs. impudent
imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的;不謹慎的;輕率的
E.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.
impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗魯的;放肆的;無禮的;不尊重的
E.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.
在記這組詞之前，最好先記住prudent這個單詞，它本身就是“謹慎的，審慎的”意思，在其加上im-這個表否定含義的前綴，意思就很容易得出了。
7. callow vs. callous
callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又無經驗的;乳臭未乾的
callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷無情的;無同情心的
8. congenial vs. congenital
congenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc ; agreeable(指人)(因性情、志趣等相近)彼此合得來的，意氣相投的;適合自己性格的
E.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.
congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth (指疾病等)天生的，先天的
E.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.
9. intelligent vs. intelligible
intelligent: smart, educated 聰明的，智能的，智力的
intelligible: that can be (easily) understood 可(易)理解的
E.g. That’s totally a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.
10. impassive vs. impassioned
impassive: showing no sign of feeling 無表情的，無動于衷的
E.g. The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.
impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充滿激情的;熱烈的
E.g. He made an impassioned plea for mercy.
同第3組詞相似的地方是這一組詞里面含有pass-表“情感”含義的詞根，im-表“不無、非”，所以impassive就是“無表情的，無動于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情，熱情”的意思。
11. adapt vs. adept
adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物適合於新的用途﹑情況等;修改某事物
E.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 對(做)某事物內行的，熟練的
E.g. She’s adept at growing roses.
這一組詞中adapt也經常容易與adopt混淆，adopt意思為“采納，收養”。
12. indigent vs. indigenous
indigent : poor 貧窮
indigenous: native 土生土長的，當地的
E.g. Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.
13. presumptive vs. presumptuous
presumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基于合理之推測的;可能的
E.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on presumptive evidence.
presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 膽大妄為的，專橫的
E.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?
14. ingenious vs. ingenuous
ingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems; original in design(指人)善于用新的或簡單的方法解決復雜問題的;設計獨特精巧的
E.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very in genious!
ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的，不隱瞞的，天真的
E.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous smile.
這一組詞，可以利用另外兩個單詞幫助記憶：genius和genuine。前者意思為“天才”后者意思為“真的，真誠的，非人造的”。ingenious從發音和詞形上與genius相近，而ingenuous 和genuine 相近。
15. discreet vs. discrete
discreet: careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too obvious 言談舉止謹慎的;言行審慎的;不顯眼的
E.g. I should make a few discreet enquirers about the firm before you sign anything.
discrete: separate; distinct 分離的;截然分開的
E.g. Those are a series of discrete events.
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