托福閱讀植物類話題長難句解析!長難句是托福閱讀考試中的難點之一。這些句子往往隱含著一些題目答案。因此大家想要拿到閱讀高分，就要對長難句進行重點備考。

 

1. The ancestors of plants were photosynthetic single-celled organisms that gave rise to plants presumably lacked true roots, stems, leaves, and complex reproductive structures such as flowers.

 

語言點：that...flowers為定語從句修飾single-celled organisms, 從句中lacked...flowers為過去分詞做定語修飾plants。

 

參考譯文：植物的祖先是能夠進行光合作用的單細胞生物體，此類生物生成了可能缺少根、莖、葉及像花一樣的復雜的繁殖結構的植物。

 

2. In addition, other lines of evidence support the hypothesis that land plants evolved from ancestral green algae used the same type of chlorophy II and accessory pigments in photosynthesis as do land plants.

 

語言點：that...land plants為hypothesis的同位語從句，句中plants做主語，evolved...green algae為分詞結構修飾land plants, used為從句中謂語動詞，as do land plants表示類比。

 

參考譯文：另外，其他證據證實了這個假說，最早的綠色海藻演化來的植物像現在的陸地植物一樣使用同一種葉綠素及色素進行光合作用。

 

3. Water temperature can fluctuate seasonally or even daily and changing level of rainfall can lead to fluctuations in concentration of chemical in the water or even to period in which the aquatic habitat dries up.

 

語言點：and連接前后兩個并列句。in which the aquatic habitat dries up為定語從句修飾period, even to是lead to的第二個結果。

 

參考譯文：它們包含根結構，覆蓋葉面及莖并能限制水分蒸發的柔軟的表皮，葉子及莖部叫做氣孔的小孔，這種小孔可以進行氣體交換，并在當水稀少的情況下閉合以減少水分流失。

6. So the most successful groups of land plants are those that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protect developing embryos from dying out.

 

語言點：that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protect developing embryos from dying out為定語從句修飾those, that are independent of water and structures修飾methods, and structures that protect developing embryos from dying out與methods并列，其中that protect developing embryos from dying out做定語修飾structures。

 

參考譯文：最成功的陸生植物有兩個特征，一：能夠進化出不需要依靠水進行受精卵傳播的方法;二：能夠保護胚芽的結構。

 

7. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.

 

語言點：which may be succulent and are often dwarfed and woody為定語從句修飾long-lived perennials, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain為定語從句修飾annuals or ephemerals。long-lived perennials與annuals or ephemerals二者并列。

 

參考譯文：植被一般分為兩類：一種為多水的、矮小的、木質的多年生植物;另一種為生命周期較短并且雨后立即生產的較密集的一年生植物或暫生植物。

 

8. The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes---a fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earth’s curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes---and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.

 

語言點：a fact指代The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes所表達的意思，since this tends to中的this指代Earth’s curved surface, as a reflection of this effect中this effect指代The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes。

 

參考譯文：熱帶地區比高緯度地區有廣大的地表面積——當我們檢查經常使用的地球弧形表面的推算方法時這個事實有時候并不明顯，因為地球弧形表明經常夸大高緯度地區的地表面積，一些生態地質學家將多樣的區別歸因于熱帶地區地表面積更大這個因素。